| Introduction |
Natural condition
Wind conditions: the southeast and Southeast winds are the most, followed by the East and Southeast winds, northwest winds from November to February, southeast winds from April to August, typhoons and accompanying rainstorms from June to October. Shanghai was mainly affected or attacked by typhoon from July to September. When typhoons affect in August, the wind is strong. In September, typhoons often combine with cold air downward to produce heavy rainstorms. The average annual wind speed is 3.0 m/s and the maximum wind speed is 30.0 m/s.
Precipitation: The average annual precipitation is 1110.9 mm, the maximum annual precipitation is 1659 mm and the minimum annual precipitation is 771 mm. Days with precipitation greater than or equal to 0.1 mm are 129.1 days; days with precipitation greater than or equal to 5.0 mm are 55.8 days; days with precipitation greater than or equal to 10.0 mm are 34.4 days; and days with precipitation greater than or equal to 25.0 mm are 11.4 days. June and July are the rainy season of Huangmei, which lasts for about one month. The days of snow are not many, the amount of snow is not large, sometimes no snow all the year round.
Fog condition: The average foggy day is 35.7 days per year, mostly occurring in November, December and January. It usually dissipates at 10 a.m., and the foggy day that lasts for a long time seldom appears.
Temperature: The average annual temperature is 15.8 C, the lowest in January is 3.7 C, and the highest in July is 27.8 C. The extreme maximum temperature is 40.2 C, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 12.1 C. When the cold wave comes, there will be frost or ice at night, but there has never been ice in the waters of the harbor area.
Ice condition: It is a year-round ice-free port.
Tides: Both the Yangtze Estuary and the Huangpu River belong to the regular semi-diurnal tidal type. The Huangpu River is 113 kilometers long from Wusongkou to Dianshan Lake. It is affected by tides. It flows 81.5 kilometers from Wusongkou to Huangpu River at high tide and into Yangtze River at low tide. On the third and eighteenth day of the lunar month, there are big tides and small tides on the tenth and twenty-fifth day of the lunar month. The characteristic values of water level in different parts of Huangpu River are different, and the higher the tide level is, the smaller the water level is.
Tide: The Yangtze Estuary is rotating clockwise. The South Branch of the Yangtze Estuary is still clockwise to the East and reciprocating to the west. The tidal current in the Huangpu River flows back and forth along the river. Usually, the flow of Huangpu River is gentle, only near Lujiazui because the river is too curved, the flow is turbulent. Current velocity varies with season. The maximum tidal current velocity is 3.5 nautical miles and the maximum ebb current velocity is 2.9 nautical miles.
Shanghai Port is situated on the coast of the East China Sea, the south coast of the Yangtze River estuary. It controls the throat of the Yangtze River and the main thrust of the East China Sea. It is one of the most advantaged natural harbors in China and the largest land and water transportation hub and the largest port in the country. By the end of 2003, the harbour had 1202 berths of various types, including 164 deep-water berths above 10,000 tons, with a total length of 87.6 kilometers, and modern assembly. It has become the largest container port in China. There are 24 special berths for containers and the terminal line is extended by 6787 meters. In 2004, the freight throughput of Shanghai Port was 379 million tons, ranking third in the world. Among them, the throughput of foreign trade goods is 130 million tons, ranking first in the country. It has climbed to the world's largest port in 2005. In 2003, container throughput reached 11.282 million tons, ranking third in the world. 2004 is 14.55 million tons, ranking unchanged. Shanghai Port is an important base for China's foreign trade, a national multi-functional hub port, the largest port along the coast of the mainland of China, and the largest coal unloading port in the country. Shanghai Port has economic and trade contacts with 221 countries and regions. Japan, the United States, Germany and Taiwan Province are Shanghai's largest trading partners, accounting for more than half of the total trade volume of the city. |
