| Introduction |
Rotterdam Port is located in the Rhine and Mas estuaries, west of the North Sea, east of the Rhine and Danube rivers, can lead to the Caspian Sea, known as the "European Portal". The port area is about 100 square kilometers, the total length of the wharf is 42 kilometers, and the deepest draft reaches 22 meters. It can berth 545,000 tons of supertankers. The infrastructure of the port area is owned by the Rotterdam Municipal Government. The daily port administration is under the responsibility of the Rotterdam Port Authority. All kinds of companies lease the infrastructure development business of the port area. After World War II, with the revival of the European economy and the establishment of the common market, Rotterdam Port developed rapidly with its superior geographical position: in 1961, its throughput exceeded that of New York Port for the first time (180 million tons), becoming the world's largest port. Since then, it has remained the world's largest port. In 2000, throughput reached a record 320 million tons. At present, Rotterdam has more than 30,000 ships entering the harbour every year, and more than 120,000 inland ships sailing to European countries. Rotterdam Port has the world's most advanced ECT container terminal, with an annual transport volume of 6.4 million standard boxes, ranking fourth in the world. More than 70,000 people are employed in Rotterdam Port, accounting for 1.4% of the total employed population, 78% of the total freight volume and 12 billion guilders of total output, accounting for about 2.5% of the Dutch gross national product.
The biggest feature of Rotterdam Port Area service is the integration of storage, transportation and marketing. Through some bonded warehouses and cargo distribution centers for storage, transportation and reprocessing, the added value of goods is increased, and then goods are sent to Dutch and European destinations by road, railway, river, air and sea routes.
Rotterdam Harbour Area is the main body of the city, covering more than 100 square kilometers, 277.1 square kilometers of harbour waters, water depth of 6.7-21 meters, no sluice in the waterway, no freezing in winter, no silt, not attacked by wind and waves all the year round, the maximum can berth 544,000 tons of supertankers. With a total length of 56 kilometres and 33.6 kilometres, the sea-going vessel terminal is specialized in handling groceries, petroleum, coal, mineral sand, grain, chemical industry, bulk cargo and containers. At the same time, it can accommodate more than 600 thousand tons of ships and more than 300,000 inland river vessels, handling about 300 million tons of cargo annually. The main transport lines of port cargo are Rhine River, Expressway and port railway, which are connected with domestic and foreign transportation networks. In addition to transporting crude oil into port through the Laixiang River, pipelines have been laid to transport crude oil through Amsterdam, the Federal Republic of Germany and Bideshi. Mass transit cargo accounts for 85% of the total cargo, of which crude oil and petroleum products account for 70%, the rest are ore, coal, grain, fertilizer and so on. The main target countries of import and export are the Federal Republic of Germany, Britain, France, Italy and other EU countries. Rotterdam has been the world's largest port since the 1960s, but it continues to strengthen berth construction, upgrade equipment and provide many special services.
Rotterdam Port is one of the major container ports in the world. As early as 1967, some dock handling companies were keenly aware of the potential of container development in the world and made huge investments. Now, Rotterdam Port has become the largest container terminal in Europe. Its loading and unloading process is totally controlled by computer, and all kinds of container wells on the terminal are stacked together in an orderly manner. In 1982, it could load and unload 2.16 million standard boxes, more than 1.9 million boxes in New York Harbor. At present, the loading and unloading capacity of Rotterdam containers has exceeded 3.2 million containers. The main forms of container transportation in Rotterdam are: (1) Highway container transportation. A crisscrossing and dense road network links Rotterdam with all the major European cities. From Rotterdam, Paris, Frankfurt and Hamburg can be reached in only 8-10 hours. It takes even shorter time to reach the Ruhr Belt, Germany's main industrial zone, and most of Belgium. Even a farther region like Nordic Europe can reach 24 hours. Arrive in an hour. The Netherlands has a strong road transport capacity, and the Netherlands undertakes 30% of the EU's international road transport. (2) Railway container transportation. Almost every day in Rotterdam, a series of container trains depart from Europe. (3) Barge container transportation. In recent years, Rotterdam barge container transportation has developed rapidly due to low freight rates and other reasons. Almost every day, barges transport containers from Rotterdam to container terminals along the Rhine River. With the development of container transportation, inland container terminals begin to appear in large numbers. In Europe, especially along the Cain River, 32 container terminals have been built. Since the 1990s, Ludan has begun to implement a new capacity expansion plan to construct the fifth and sixth generation container terminals with a capacity of 100-150,000 tons. By 2010, container handling capacity will reach 6 million containers to ensure the status of Europe's largest container transport center.
In 1957, because of the great expansion of the port, the Rotterdam people came up with the name "Port of Europe", which means that they want to be "Port of Europe". In fact, Rotterdam has been known as the world's largest port and warehouse since 1963. Cities have invested heavily in container reloading to compete in the world's economic countries in the Far East. There is no difficulty in loading and unloading the world's largest container ship on the wharf of Maspingdi Port.
Standardization of container size also contributes to this. In British Port, after the Karan Bridge in Botlek Waterway, people mainly load and unload (mostly Japanese) cars. Vehicle carriers are characterized by their high and wind-sensitive structures.
Pernis and Maspingdi are mainly refineries. Since 1936, the number and area of oil ports have been developing steadily. The main loading and unloading parts in Val Port. Many of them are "mobile" reproduced and can be directly transported to inland waterways. |
